April 22, 2008
March 2008 Quick Links, Part II
By Eric Goldman
Copyright
* A lot of action on whether “making available” a file in a P2P share directory is copyright infringement, including Elektra v. Barker and London-Sire v. Doe. Patry summarizes the action.
* Ticketmaster L.L.C. v. RMG Technologies, Inc., 2008 WL 649788 (C.D. Cal. March 10, 2008). Copyright misuse is not an independent cause of action; it's only a defense. HT Evan Brown.
* A student asked me a good Q that I couldn't answer. Given that copyright work transfers are subject to the risk of a non-waivable termination of transfer 35-40 years after the transfer, how do companies account for that risk on their financial statements?
* A man whose Youtube video was taken down by lawyers for Van Morrison strikes back with a new video: "The Lawyers Pulled My Video Down."
Trademark
* The Utah governor signed SB 151, the repeal of the Utah Trademark Protection Act.
* Wilson v. Yahoo! UK Ltd., No. 1HC 710/07, Feb. 20, 2008. A UK court says that buying the broad-matched keyword "spicy" does not constitute an actionable use in commerce of the trademark "Mr. Spicy." In response, Google liberalized its keyword policy in the UK and Ireland to match its US and Canada policy.
* Vulcan Golf, LLC v. Google Inc., 2008 WL 818346 (N.D. Ill. March 20, 2008). This is another interesting development that I just didn't have time to blog (see my earlier post when the lawsuit was filed). In a lengthy opinion, the district court rejected most of the significant motions to dismiss, saying that she wanted to let the case develop. Ironically, she also complained about the workload in the case--perhaps this is obvious, but granting some motions to dismiss would help clear your docket queue! Unfortunately, most of the opinion isn't insightful because so many issues were reserved for further development. Perhaps the most interesting discussion relates to the "use in commerce" question, and the court rejected a motion to dismiss on that basis: "The plaintiffs have alleged that Sedo and the other Parking Defendants transacted in and improperly profited from domain names that are deceptively similar to the plaintiffs' trademarks. Such statements sufficiently allege the "use" of a domain name to allow the infringement claims against Sedo and Oversee to move forward on this issue." Some other commentary on the case: Sarah Bird and David Fish.
* American Airlines loves Google (except for the part where it's suing Google). HT Search Engine Land.
State Regulation of the Internet
* Some state legislators are becoming privacy entrepreneurs about behavioral targeting. Venkat does a recap. But Zachary Rodgers points out that some of the operative provisions track NAI's self-regulatory guidelines. More angst about deep packet inspection by IAPs.
* Ewert v. eBay, Inc., 5:07-cv-02198-RMW (N.D. Cal. March 31, 2008). eBay isn't an "auctioneer" or an "auction company" as defined by California's Auction Act.
* The Tennessee legislature is considering a goofy response to the Hannah Montana ticket furor.
* Ken Magill at Direct wrote an article entitled "Psychotic Law Clowns in Utah at it Again." A highlight: "Whenever I think of Utah's state legislature, I envision a room full of Jack-in-the-Boxes straight out of a never-made Twilight Zone episode. Every fall, when it's time for the next legislative session, their cranks begin to turn, a chorus of "Pop Goes the Weasel" begins, and on the note for "pop" the lids fly open and dozens of psychotic clown heads spring out of the boxes chanting: "New Internet Law! New Internet Law!""
Other Stuff
* The Economist: The Battle for Wikipedia's Soul. "To create a new article on Wikipedia and be sure that it will survive, you need to be able to write a "deletionist-proof" entry and ensure that you have enough online backing (such as Google matches) to convince the increasingly picky Wikipedia people of its importance. This raises the threshold for writing articles so high that very few people actually do it. Many who are excited about contributing to the site end up on the "Missing Wikipedians" page: a constantly updated list of those who have decided to stop contributing. It serves as a reminder that frustration at having work removed prompts many people to abandon the project." See a similar article in the NY Times Review of Books.
* FTC busts Goal Financial for inadequate security practices.
* The DOJ is busting people who click on a link that purportedly offered child porn, prosecuting them for attempted downloading of child porn.
* Orin Kerr, "Criminal Law in Virtual Worlds," University of Chicago Legal Forum (forthcoming). Orin sensibly argues against virtual world exceptionalism with respect to criminalizing activities in virtual worlds.
Posted by Eric at 10:09 AM | Content Regulation , Copyright , Domain Names , Marketing , Privacy/Security , Trademark , Virtual Worlds | TrackBack
March 02, 2008
Feb. 2008 Quick Links
By Eric Goldman
Advertising
* BusinessWeek: Monetizing social networking sites isn't as easy as everyone had hoped, clickthrough rates are through the floor (0.04%!), and ad proliferation on the sites is driving users away.
* Wilbur, Kenneth C. and Zhu, Yi, "Click Fraud" (January 2, 2008). This paper appears to argue that search engines can increase their profits by failing to disclose the true rate of click fraud on their network.
* In re Miva, Inc. Securities Litigation, 2008 WL 450037 (M.D. Fla. Feb. 15, 2008). This lawsuit alleges that Miva and some associated individuals understated or misreported Miva’s reliance on click fraud, spyware and third party distributors in its public statements and thus inflated the company's stock price. Last year, the court dismissed many of the allegations but let a couple survive. In this ruling, the court dismisses a few more defendants from some statements and lets the rest of the case proceed.
* Going-out-of-business sales are often just another scam. (HT ContractsProf). Note this is completely consistent with economists’ theoretical predictions of final-period behavior of trademark owners.
* Google's stock has lost $70B in market cap in 7 weeks. Oh darn. Clickz offers some theories about why Google's clicks are declining. Could lower rates of click fraud be part of it?
* Hal Varian, Google's Chief Economist, argues that Google's marketplace success is solely due to its "secret sauce" (i.e., the advantage of learning by doing) rather than any defects in the marketplace.
Spam
* Jaynes v. Virginia (Va. Sup. Ct. Feb. 29, 2008). By a 4-3 vote, the Virginia Supreme Court upheld Jeremy Jaynes' 9 year sentence for violating Virginia’s spam law.
* Silverstein v. Experienced Internet.com, 2008 U.S. App. LEXIS 3364 (9th Cir. 2008). Ninth Circuit dismissed a CAN-SPAM lawsuit for lack of jurisdiction when the defendants attest that they didn't send the message and aren't local.
Domain Names
* NSI has been sued for its practice of grabbing pre-registration domain names based on WHOIS searches. The complaint. Good luck defending those practices, NSI!
* Two more breathy articles about the economics of domaining from the New York Times and Network World.
47 USC 230
* Johnson v. Barras, 2007 CA 001600 B (DC Superior Ct Feb. 1, 2008). Court dismisses a lawsuit against a website for republishing a defamatory story per 47 USC 230.
* Yet another doomed lawsuit against MySpace for facilitating communications between an adult male and an underage female that led to sex. Sam Bayard's comments.
Pornography
* NY Lawyer (login required): "Defense Bar Sees Growing Practice in Internet Sex Crimes"
* A federal obscenity prosecution for publishing graphic short stories (without pictures) on the Internet? As Tim Wu says, "astonishing."
* The Utah legislature is considering entering the marketplace again, this time through a certification mark program for Internet access providers who are willing to combat porn. See HB407. Of course, the Utah legislature has had terrific success in the past creating successful new business opportunities that the marketplace has overlooked.
User-Generated Content
* Nick Carr: "What we've seen happen with self-regulating communities, both real and virtual, is that they go through a brief initial period during which their performance improves - a kind of honeymoon period, when people are on their best behavior and rascals are quickly exposed and put to rout - but then, at some point, their performance turns downward. They begin, naturally, to decay." Like, I think, Wikipedia.
* Slate on the top-heavy nature of contributions to Wikipedia and Digg.
* Christian Science Monitor: Teachers Strike Back at Students' Online Pranks.
* Sam Bayard on a motion to quash in the AutoAdmit case.
Reputation
* eBay no longer lets sellers leave negative/neutral feedback for buyers. This putatively stops sellers from retaliating against buyers who leave legitimate complaints, but it also skews the database towards only positive reviews, which ultimately undercuts its credibility.
* In India, where courtships remain very brief by US standards and grooms can be paid dowries by the bride's families, there is an emerging trend for brides to hire "wedding detectives" to ferret out the scoop on grooms and whether their representations are correct.
* Funny article on being a secret shopper for Consumer Reports.
* Dan Solove's book, The Future of Reputation, is now available online for free. Ethan's review of the book.
Patents
* Six years later, eBay finally buys it now: eBay v. MercExchange settles with eBay buying out some of MercExchange's patents and licensing others.
* Mike Masnick: "Psst! Patent Examiners Do Not Scale"
Copyright
* Mike Masnick: “Why We Should All Want Politicians Who Plagiarize.”
* Do Not Resuscitate...My Copyrights (funny).
Miscellaneous
* Citizen Media Law Project has a useful discussion on getting insurance for cyberlaw risks.
* People v. Fernino, 2008 WL 382348 (N.Y. City Crim. Ct. Feb. 13, 2008) (woman violated a no-contact order when sending a MySpace message to the person).
* Mike Masnick: "We Need A Broadband Competition Act, Not A Net Neutrality Act"
* A retrospective on some of the leading dot-coms from the 1990s.
Posted by Eric at 05:32 PM | Content Regulation , Copyright , Derivative Liability , Domain Names , E-Commerce , Internet History , Marketing , Patents , Privacy/Security , Search Engines , Spam , Trademark | TrackBack
February 13, 2008
Jan. 2008 Quick Links (IP Edition)
By Eric Goldman
Trademarks and Domain Names
* Adidas America, Inc. v. Payless Shoesource, Inc., 2007 WL 4482201 (D. Oregon Dec. 21, 2007). This case (1) discusses whether advice of counsel is a defense against willfulness in the trademark context, and (2) concludes that Oregon's state anti-dilution law is preempted by Bonito Boats.
* More evidence that price does affect brand perceptions: "A $90 wine tastes better than the same wine at $10."
* Visa Int'l Service Assoc. v. JSL Corp., No. 2:01-CV-00294, 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 95334 (D. Nev. Dec. 27, 2007). The domain name "evisa.com" actually dilutes the Visa brand because it will disappoint people who enter the domain name looking for Visa. That's SO 1997!
* Salle v. Meadows, 6:07-cv-1089-Orl-31DAB (M.D. Fla. Dec. 17, 2007). A rare case interpreting 15 USC 1129, the law restricting the registration of domain names incorporating a person's name.
* The "Surf City" USA lawsuit between Huntington Beach and a Santa Cruz retailer has settled.
* I've seen this issue come up a few times now. Trademarks 1 and 2 are similar. A Google search for TM1 includes the question "Did you mean: TM2?" How might this prompt affect an infringement analysis?
* There has been a lot of domain name craziness in the past few weeks, and unfortunately I couldn't keep up with all of it. So a few brief remarks on two of the more interesting developments:
- First, NSI has admitted that it grabs domain names that people are researching, preventing the potential customers from using any other domain name registrar for 5 days and potentially helping swipers grab the domain name thereafter. NSI's practice is completely sleazy because of the unique retailing environment for domain names. Domain names are a single-item good that is being simultaneously and competitively sold by multiple retailers (the registrars)--but through this practice, NSI expands its inventory and simultaneously shrinks the inventory of competing retailers before NSI has actually made the sale. ICANN needs to shut down this type of inventory abuse NOW.
- Second, Google has announced that it will not provide AdSense ads (through its domain name parking program) to domain names that may be kited (i.e., repeatedly reregistered during the free 5 day trial period). That's great, Google, but why don't you simply say that you won't display ads on any domain names in the first 5 days of their registration? That policy change would kill domain name tasting, but Google's foot-dragging here makes me wonder just how much money Google is making from domain name tasting. C'mon Google, I think you can do better.
Copyright and File-Sharing
* Virgin Records v. Thompson (5th Cir. Jan. 4, 2008). Man improperly sued by the RIAA dragnet can't recover his attorneys' fees. This turns on the fact that he didn't respond to the pre-litigation contacts to turn over his adult daughter who did the file-sharing.
* Atlantic Recording Corp. v. Serrano, 2007 WL 4612921 (S.D. Cal. Dec. 28, 2007). The court rejects the trespass to chattels and CFAA claims of a P2P file sharer against the parties investigating him by checking out his share directory.
* Lots of action over takedown notices:
- The 10th Circuit says that a bogus takedown notice (in this case, an eBay NOCI under its VeRO program) supports jurisdiction in the targeted vendor's home court. Dudnikov v. Chalk & Vermilion Fine Arts, Inc., 2008 WL 217724 (10th Cir. Jan. 28, 2008). See related litigation from the same eBay vendor.
- For a contrary ruling, see Doe v. Geller, 2008 WL 314498 (N.D. Cal. Feb. 4, 2008).
- Colon v. Innovate! is a lawsuit initiated by an eBay seller that claimed an IP owner was misusing eBay's VeRO program to shut down his auctions (which were priced below the IP owner's minimum pricing program although the seller wasn't bound to the program). Innovate made an interesting tactical move (blunder?) to implead eBay into the lawsuit; eBay then countersued Innovate for sending bogus NOCIs.
* In a bizarre press release issued almost 2 months after the applicable ruling, John Dozier of the Dozier Internet Law Firm extolled the ruling in the 43sb.com case (a case the Dozier firm wasn't involved with) where the court suggested that cease-and-desist letters were copyrightable. This sparked yet another blogswarm on this topic; see, e.g., Paul Levy, Marc Randazza, Eugene Volokh, Frank Pasquale, Joe Gratz, 43sb.com, Ron Coleman, Overlawyered. It's clear this issue needs a more definitive resolution by the courts or the legislature. Fortunately, a number of people would welcome the opportunity to help Dozier test if his legal theory will fly in court. If you've been contacted by John Dozier threatening you for infringing the copyright in his firm's cease-and-desist letters and would be interested in help arranging an appropriate defense, please contact me.
Posted by Eric at 11:29 AM | Copyright , Domain Names , Trademark | TrackBack
December 14, 2007
Oct.-Nov. 2007 Quick Links, Part 2
By Eric Goldman
Marketing/Branding
* To stimulate demand for its services, the British postal service is pointing out that snail mail is a good way to use olfactory marketing. Try to keep up with THAT, spammers! But doesn't this give new meaning to the observation that “junk mail stinks”...?
* Dunlop Tires offered a free set of tires to people who would get a tattoo of the company's logo. This tops a past promotion where they gave free tires to anyone who got tire tracks shaved into their hair. As a promotion, tattoos have an obvious advantage over hair-shaving because hair grows back. See my comprehensive post on tattoo advertising.
* As the Internet increases price competition and reduces margins in the jewelry market, diamond manufacturers are trying to prop up prices by branding their diamonds.
* Another lawsuit over the scorching-hot Hannah Montana concert tour—this time, alleging that the Hannah Montana fansite overpromised priority access to tickets.
* Anthony v. Yahoo, which involved a claim that Yahoo misled consumers of its dating service, has settled for $4M.
* I enjoyed this YouTube Video, Mr. Spam Man. Brought to mind the Spam-Free-or-Die video, which is still funny today.
Copyright
* William Patry on crazy copyright rulings against the “segOne,” a device that allows retailers showing broadcast TV to their patrons to substitute in ads sold by them instead of the ads sold by the broadcasters.
* Textile Secrets International, Inc. v. Ya-Ya Brand, Inc. (C.D. Cal. Oct. 31, 2007). 17 USC 1202 (the restriction on modification/removal of “copyright management information”) has been rarely interpreted, so this is a noteworthy case on that basis alone. This case involved the removal of CMI in offline activities. The court concludes "Court nevertheless cannot find that [1202] was intended to apply to circumstances that have no relation to the Internet, electronic commerce, automated copyright protections or management systems, public registers, or other technological measures or processes as contemplated in the DMCA as a whole."
* The Copyright Office has (finally) updated its electronic copy of Title 17.
Blogging
* David Hoffman discusses some considerations when structuring a group blogging LLC's operating agreement.
* U.S. v. Citgo Petroleum Corp., 2007 WL 4116066 (S.D. Tex. Nov. 19, 2007). An attendee at a trial blogs some of her observations about the jury. Her reward? One of the litigants can depose her as having potentially relevant information about jury impartiality. See my first-hand experience with potentially being deposed due to a blog post.
E-Commerce
* College students are ordering tires, pool tables and Winchester rifles online.
* The Canadian taxing authorities have won a victory allowing them to order eBay’s US company to disclose vast amounts of transactional data that presumably will be cross-checked against Canadian PowerSeller tax returns.
Miscellaneous
* Express Media Group, LLC, v. Express Corp., No. C 06-03504 WHA (N.D. Cal., May 10, 2007). Martin Samson's summary: "Court finds defendant, who claimed to have purchased plaintiffs' Express.com domain for $150,000 from someone who purported to be, but was not, the domain's Administrative Contact, guilty of conversion and directs defendant to return the domain to plaintiffs."
* Fallout from the Oracle v. SAP case: SAP may sell TomorrowNow, and several TN executives have been axed.
* A good use for a geolocated cellphone-mediated information service: the location of the nearest public toilet.
* Declan rallies against a federal "Do Not Track" list.
* NYT: US News & World Reports is getting into the consumer review business by aggregating third party opinions. According to the NYT, "The magazine has searched the work of dozens of automotive reviewers at newspapers and magazines, assigned a numerical value to each review (a process U.S. News describes as complex, rigorous and top secret), and then aggregated those into final scores. The Web site offers a description of each vehicle, sprinkled with snippets of quotes from those reviewers, so that it reads as much like a Zagat's restaurant blurb as something you might find in Consumer Reports."
* Don'tcensorme.com: a website for commenters who believe that their comments have been deleted by moderators on hubris overload.
* BusinessWeek: 101 Best Web Freebies.
Posted by Eric at 08:20 AM | Copyright , Domain Names , E-Commerce , Marketing , Privacy/Security , Spam | TrackBack
October 06, 2007
September 2007 Quick Links Part I
By Eric Goldman
Marketing
* From the NYT: There are 200+ auto repair shops in the "Iron Triangle" area in New York, and apparently they compete fiercely with each other, shouting out price quotes as cars needing repairs drive by. But according to one business owner, "Competition is fierce, but we got ground rules here for pulling in customers...For one, you got to stand in front of your own business. You can’t come and stand in front of my shop and steal my customers."
* Cowan v. Hotwire, LASC Case No. BC328621 (Los Angeles Superior Court complaint filed Feb. 10, 2005). I just found out about this case because apparently I'm a potential class member. The gist of the lawsuit is that Hotwire overpromised the hotel quality based on the star ratings assigned to specific hotels. Whether or not this lawsuit is meritorious, it's another reminder that companies need to precisely characterize their rating systems.
* You may recall the lawsuit over James Frey's A Million Little Pieces, a non-fiction story that was a little fictional. The case settled with a class remedy of a refund for book purchasers who went through a fairly complicated process. Care to guess how many purchasers tendered claims? Try 1,345--meaning about $20,000 of actual cash will go into the hands of "harmed" class members. Transaction costs to award this $20,000 of relief? Lawyers want almost $800,000, plus the costs to communicate with the class were about $335,000--in total, about $56 for every $1 of relief.
* In this article, I discussed how intermediaries would seek to mine a person's various methods of communication as source material for ad targeting (that is, unless the law restricts the intermediaries' ability to mine such data sources). The latest example? Pudding Media, which provides free Internet-based calls for the opportunity to deliver contextually relevant ads triggered by the contents of the phone call.
* The "perfect schwag"? One obvious option that didn't make the list...slinkies!
Intellectual Property
* We usually assume that copyright owners won't license their content to critics seeking to disparage them; hence, fair use is needed to permit such critical secondary uses. But a counterexample from the NYT: Naomi Klein licensed the Canadian "National Post" to display excerpts of her book alongside a critical review. There is some evidence Klein didn't know the hatchet job was coming, but even if she did, would it have been a bad choice on Klein's part? Not necessarily. See this study showing that even a critical New York Times book review lifts sales.
* Chang v. Virgin Mobile USA (D. Tex). See the NYT article on this case. Virgin Mobile allegedly downloaded photos from Flickr to use in an advertising campaign without getting publicity consents from the individuals depicted. This is a lawsuit by one of the depicted individuals. I'm very surprised by this apparent oversight because most ad agencies are thoroughly aware of publicity rights issues. Maybe someone mistakenly thought that Flickr's Creative Commons license extended to publicity rights?
* Freecycle Network, Inc. v. Oey (9th Cir. Sept. 26, 2007). Defendant does not make a trademark "use in commerce" when his actions were not "made to promote any competing service or reap any commercial benefit whatsoever."
* WSJ: "Web-Address Theft Is Everyday Event"
* WSJ: Some franchisors are loosening restrictions on franchisees’ ability to make independent choices.
Posted by Eric at 10:10 PM | Copyright , Domain Names , Marketing , Publicity/Privacy Rights , Trademark | TrackBack
September 06, 2007
August 2007 Quick Links, Part I
By Eric Goldman
Search Engines
* Google extended its ad serving technology to consider a user's past search phrases in addition to their current search term.
* Greg Linden: "Google is teasing too many lions."
* BusinessWeek: Some VCs are cranky that Google is competing with them by actively investing in start-up deals.
* From Answers.com's press release in August: "Answers Corporation (NASDAQ: ANSW) announced today that, due to a search engine algorithmic adjustment by Google, Answers.com has seen a drop in search engine traffic starting last week. As a result, overall traffic is currently down approximately 28% from levels immediately prior to the change...This change only demonstrates the sound business rationale behind our agreement to purchase Dictionary.com, because it underscores a primary motivation for the deal: to secure a steady source of direct traffic and mitigate our current dependence on search engine algorithms."
Intellectual Property
* Question: Any theories why the Copyright Office hasn't yet issued "final" regulations for the DMCA 512 registration of an agent for notice...9 years after the DMCA passed?
* From the EFF: RIAA v. the People: Four Years Later. A terrific overview/recap of the RIAA's campaign against online dissemination of music. I'm planning to assign this report to my Cyberlaw students when we discuss file-sharing.
* New York Mercantile Exchange v. Intercontinental Exchange, No. 05-5585-cv (2d Cir. Aug. 1, 2007). Second Circuit says that mercantile exchange settlement prices are not protectable due to the copyright merger doctrine. It would have been better if the court had said that prices aren’t copyrightable, but perhaps we should take our victories where we can find them. HT Patry.
* Bensbargains.net, LLC v. XPBargains.com, 2007 WL 2385092 (S.D. Cal. August 16, 2007). Plaintiff aggregated various "deals" into a website and claimed a copyright in the aggregation. Defendant took the deals and integrated them into its website. Copyright infringement? The judge sets an arbitrary cutoff: "there is insufficient similarity to survive summary judgment where either the percentage of Plaintiff's deals that were copied or the percentage of Defendants' deals that were derived from Plaintiff's website is less than 70%." Evan has more.
* Lennar Pacific Properties Management, Inc. v. Dauben, Inc., 2007 WL 2340487 (N.D. Tex. August 16, 2007). Trademark owner gets an ex parte TRO against a domainer. More from Evan.
* WSJ: The KSR case has noticeably improved prospects for patent defendants.
* The EFF is challenging UMG's practice of stamping a "promotional use only, not for resale" label on promotional CDs.
Marketing/Advertising
* NYT on car ad-wrapping. See my previous post where I proclaimed ad wrapping as a relic of the dot com boom. It looks like the practice still lives! Open invitation: anyone who would like to pay me $800/mo to wrap my car, please call me! For that amount of cash, I'll drive the ugliest ad imaginable.
* There was a new ruling in NetQuote v. Byrd, which I styled as the “lead fraud” case. Rebecca recaps the action.
* Apparently, in Florida, a lot of senior citizens dining out at restaurants will ask for some lemon wedges and a glass of water, then add a few Sweet-and-Low packets to create their own tableside-brewed lemonade for free instead of ordering a drink off the menu. One restaurant owner got fed up and charged a diner $1.29 for the unadvertised menu item of self-brewed lemonade. Now, the sparks are flying!
* More unfortunately placed ads.
Contracts
* Cohn v. TrueBeginnings LLC, No.B190423 (Cal. Ct. App. July 31, 2007). Another court upholds a mandatory clickthrough even when the actual terms are hyperlinked. Tom O'Toole comments and provides screenshots.
* Ken Adams demonstrates, step-by-step, how he edits a contract.
Lexicon Watch
* New word alert: "bacn" = transactional email from websites you have a relationship with. Personally, I think we need to get off the meat metaphors.
* William Gibson says the prefix "cyber" is passe.
Posted by Eric at 04:27 PM | Copyright , Domain Names , Licensing/Contracts , Marketing , Patents , Search Engines , Trademark | TrackBack
July 31, 2007
July 2007 Quick Links, Part I
By Eric Goldman
Search Engines
* According to this study, up to 40% of search queries are "re-finding queries" (i.e., the searcher is trying to re-find previously viewed information). The implication: "Because people repeat queries so frequently, search engines should assist their users by providing a means of keeping a record of individual users' search histories, perhaps via software installed on the user's own machine." As I've said before, search engines necessarily will need client-side software to see more consumer behavior if they want to improve relevancy for consumers. HT Greg Linden.
* People are spoofing the Googlebot.
* Hal Varian, a first-rate scholar at Berkeley's SIMS, is now Google's chief economist. I don't know how many other Internet companies have economists-on-staff, but I could see this as a growth area.
Intellectual Property
* Prediction: at least one person will go to jail for prereleasing the new Harry Potter book. It's just too conspicuous for the feds to ignore. Indeed, at this point, it seems unavoidable that every launch of an eagerly anticipated copyrighted work will also involve criminal prosecutions for unauthorized prereleasing (see, e.g., this post). Meanwhile, BusinessWeek is marveling at how many websites are now cooperating with copyright owners rather than fighting them.
* Capitol Federal Sav. Bank v. Eastern Bank Corp., 2007 WL 1885134 (D. Kan. June 29, 2007). Kansas TM owner lacks jurisdiction in Kansas over New England bank allegedly committing TM infringement, even though the New England bank bought keyword ads on the trademark (but, those ads were geo-targeted to Massachussetts). Along the way, the court (as usual) cites to Zippo but rejects the "website doing business" prong, instead requiring the plaintiff to show that the website was doing business in the forum jurisdiction.
* Masterson Marketing, Inc. v. KSL Recreation Corp., 2007 WL 1975425 (S.D.Cal. April 13, 2007). Oh man, what a crazy lawsuit. Freelancer takes product shot of hotel and licenses photo to hotel. Hotel then provides photo to third party websites (such as Expedia) as a way of promoting the hotel. The freelancer claims the hotel breached the license and proceeds to sue what seems like every website in the travel industry. This case is now going on 5 YEARS...over a product shot. (Disclosure note: I worked a little on the case when I was affiliated with Epinions, which is one of the defendants. Yes, it's that old). This ruling deals with the hotel's attempt to recreate the product shot with a different photographer. The court grants SJ to the defendants on the copyright infringement of a recreated shot (per ETS-Hokin). The court also makes it clear that the plaintiff isn't going to get any of the plaintiff's profits, which I assume means the plaintiff is going to get bubkus damages (plaintiff isn't eligible for statutory damages).
* From the NY Times: Mr. Skin is a website that provides subscribers with access to pictures and videos of naked actresses taken from movies. Mr. Skin doesn't normally get permission from copyright owners, seemingly making it a prime target of a business-ending copyright lawsuit. It tries to justify the wholesale republication of clips and stills under the guise of fair use because it claims to be a movie review site, but I doubt that many judges would find that argument very persuasive. However, movie studios have realized that promotion via Mr. Skin increases demand for the movies ("sex sells"), even if Mr. Skin is already showing the "money shot" on its site. As a result, instead of getting lots of C&D letters, Mr. Skin gets lots of promotional copies from movie studios.
* Microsoft is trying to patent what Ars Technica describes as the "mother of all adware." Microsoft is also trying to patent a system for tracking people to deliver relevant advertising. People may find these patents a little creepy, but I see them as both inevitable and ultimately a good thing.
* Washington Post: a new website is trying to position the purchase and resale of exclusively branded fashion items (e.g., Birkin purses) as an investment. And to stabilize the investment decisions, the website screens out the knock-offs and certifies authenticity.
* Domaining to become a $4B/year industry?
Posted by Eric at 12:40 PM | Copyright , Domain Names , Internet History , Patents , Search Engines , Trademark | TrackBack
July 02, 2007
June 2007 Quick Links
By Eric Goldman
* Spam cases are coming at a regular clip, and it's tricky divining the latest state of the law. Two recent cases that caught my attention:
- US v. Impulse Media Group, 2007 WL 1725560 (W.D. Wash. June 8, 2007). This case involved a porn site that used affiliate marketers who didn't comply with the porn spam labeling requirements. The government argued that the advertiser should be strictly liable for this breach, but the court fairly emphatically rejected that (same as Cyberheat). But the news isn't all good for the defense, as the court also rejected its SJ motion, showing that the question of scienter about affiliate behavior remains a tough one for courts. Venkat's writeup.
- Kleffman v. Vonage Holdings Corp., No. 07-2406 (C.D. Cal. May 22, 2007). A nice complement to the Facebook v. ConnectU case, each holding that aspects of California's anti-spam laws are preempted by CAN-SPAM. In this case, the targeted behavior was the fact that the emailer may have used multiple email addresses to bypass electronic spam filters, but there wasn't anything false/deceptive about each email itself. See the BNA write-up and Venkat's writeup. I've lost track of the preemption cases, but it seems like state anti-spam laws are really getting munched after the Mummagraphics case.
* NYT on the pros/cons of captchas.
* Goodmail has expanded its pay-to-email system to Comcast, Cox, Roadrunner and Verizon.
Intellectual Property
* In Explorologist v. Sapient, involving the posting of a video deconstructing Uri Geller's act, the defendant is arguing (per CCBill) that 47 USC 230 preempts British copyright law.
* A rushed high school yearbook editor downloads lots of Facebook photos and adds them to the yearbook to fill space. Not a good idea!
* Techdirt: Who owns the right to license the design of military weapons to toy manufacturers?
* Marty on intellectual property protection for sexual activity.
Contracts
* A California man claims he bought a Gateway computer that never displayed text properly. Is he bound to the clickthrough agreement displayed on bootup? If this is the only way Gateway presented its contract, the answer should be no.
* At a conference at Southwestern Law School, I heard Prof. Lon Sobel talk about "idea submission" law. He illustrated the phenomenon that "where there's a hit, there's a writ": he suggested that hit TV shows produce an average of 6 "you stole my idea” demand letters. The great 1980s movie Coming to America produced 12 such letters, which resulted in 7 actual lawsuits. Interestingly, Prof. Sobel made the case (implicitly, not explicitly) that there is no separate law of "idea submissions," but rather any such doctrines are subsumed within standard contract law.
eBay
* eBay has changed its stance towards fighting counterfeiters, and it now does more policing itself.
* eBay shill bidder pays $400k to settle with NY AG.
Social Networking/Blogs
* The NCAA kicked a reporter out of the stadium for live-blogging the event. Tip to NCAA: It’s neither possible nor wise to control the flow of real-time information. Get over it. HT: Techdirt.
* Just came across this article: Stacey Schesser, MySpace on the record: The admissibility of social website content under the Federal Rules of Evidence, First Monday, volume 11, number 12 (December 2006).
* Wired: 7 MySpace sex offenders busted.
Marketing/Advertising
* AMCO Ins. Co. v. Lauren-Spencer, Inc., 2007 WL 1795970 (S.D. Ohio June 20, 2007). Insured offers jewelry from a website. Third party claims that the insured's jewelry constituted copyright infringement. Insured tenders the lawsuit to her insurance company under the advertising injury policy. Insurance company seeks a DJ of no coverage. The court says that the website constitutes advertising for the products, and so the policy applies to photos of the allegedly infringing jewelry items, even if the photos themselves were created by the insured. Observation #1: The advertising injury policy is very helpful to web businesses. Observation #2: Due to cases like this, I suspect insurance companies are reducing their willingness to offer advertising injury coverage to web businesses.
* Taylor v. XRG, Inc., 2007 WL 1816142 (Ohio App. Ct. June 21, 2007). The defendant was a vendor retained by bulk fax senders that handled consumer responses, including opt-outs from future faxes. Court held that the vendor wasn't liable for any TCPA/state anti-junk fax laws allegedly broken by the fax sender.
* Newish ad format: ads running 2 seconds in duration.
Search
* It's taken me a while to digest some of Google's new efforts. First, Google released two tools (a new toolbar button and a new personalized tab) to anticipate searchers' needs based on their past searches. Second, Google expanded its search history to incorporate all aspects of a user's searching through its services (what it calls "web history"). Meanwhile, Google has reduced its storage of personalized search data from 18-24 months to 18 months before that data gets anonymized. FWIW, I've been using Google personalized search since November 2005 (presumably, some of my data will be flushed any time now). Google has now captured almost 12,000 searches (with a high so far of 255 searches in a single day). Despite this, Google still doesn’t do a good job making predictions for me.
* Another great study from Jim Jansen (see the last one I blogged about). This one presented identical search results branded from different search engines and found that consumer ratings of relevancy varied based on the brand (Yahoo and Google came out on top). The logical inference--branding does matter to perceptions of relevancy. HT: SEL.
* Matt Cutts on the various ways humans affect Google search.
Domain Names
* Denmark's .dk TLD registry has enacted rules targeted at wiping out domainers. See here (Sec. 8.3.6).
* What's hotter than iPhones? iPhone-related domain names.
Adware/Spyware
* Declan on the latest legislative rally against spyware, the Senate's Counter SPY Act.
* The FTC issued final approval for the DirectRevenue settlement of $1.5M. Commissioner Leibowitz dissented, saying the cash payment was too light.
Online Reputations
* Avvo has filed a motion to dismiss the lawsuit over its ratings of attorneys. The motion is very heavy on the 1st amendment and very light on 230. HT: WSJ Law Blog.
* The Washington Post gushes about Reputation Defender and its competitors, without really acknowledging the value of reputational accountability or the potential for takedown/pushdown abuse.
* Entrepreneurs figured out a way to game FICO scores. Fair Isaac will try to close the loophole.
* Ed Magedson of Rip-Off Report was the victim of a vicious harassment campaign demanding that he remove complaints from the site.
* Lengthy NYT article on Wikpedia. Not much new there, but it does hint at the young age of Wikipedians, and it talks about how "pride of ownership" motivates Wikipedians.
Other
* June 26 was the 10 year anniversary of the classic Reno v. ACLU Supreme Court opinion.
* The NYT has launched a new technology blog called BITS.
Posted by Eric at 02:37 PM | Adware/Spyware , Content Regulation , Copyright , Derivative Liability , Domain Names , Internet History , Licensing/Contracts , Marketing , Search Engines , Spam , Trademark | TrackBack
June 27, 2007
Google Sued in Domainer Lawsuit--Vulcan Golf v. Google
By Eric Goldman
Vulcan Golf, LLC v. Google, Inc., No. 07CV3371 (N.D. Ill. complaint filed June 15, 2007) [WARNING! the complaint is a 4.3MB PDF]
Domainer litigation is heating up, and this lawsuit may be the most ambitious anti-domainer lawsuit to date. First, it is a putative class action lawsuit. Second, in addition to naming four leading domainer firms, the plaintiffs provocatively go after Google for providing ads to domainer sites. I believe this is the first lawsuit against Google for its domainer relationships.
The complaint itself is a 121 page, 638 paragraph (with one paragraph enumerating 47 defined terms), 4.3MB behemoth alleging trademark infringement and dilution, ACPA violations, RICO and other claims.
Much of the lawsuit focuses on Google's "AdSense for Domains" program specifically catering to domainers and domain name parkers. Google's program is somewhat obscure and unusual. It is only available to domain names that don't have any content (other than the ads provided by Google), and Google effectively takes control of the pages itself. As the program’s FAQ says, "AdSense for domains customers redirect traffic from parked domains to the AdSense for domains service. When Google receives the request, it processes the domain name and returns formatted HTML that includes contextual ads and related searches. Customers can either display the full page HTML or include it in a frame." The plaintiffs argue that, as a result, Google is effectively the domain name licensee, which enables plaintiffs to assert an ACPA claim against Google.
Functionally, the complaint says that a "domain name is not a search query" (para. 312). However, from my perspective, Google in fact treats the domain name exactly like a search query; the domain name acts like a keyword to trigger ads, no different from the way Google treats a searcher's keywords as a trigger for ads on its website. (I explain my view of the interrelationship between domain names and keyword triggers in much more depth here).
Whether domaining is a good or bad thing policy-wise depends on your view:
Con: Trademark owners complain about the typosquatting nature of most domainer pages. Indeed, Google is uncharacteristically solicitous of trademark owners upset by parked domains--in contrast to Google's normal policy that it won't disable trademarked keywords, Google will completely disable ads on parked domain names at the trademark owner's request. This raises the lurking issue about whether search engines can impose opt-out obligations on IP owners. At the same time, it makes me wonder if the class could get its desired results simply from following the complaint procedures. (The complaint rejects this approach, calling the trademark complaint procedures "audacious" and "illusory.")
Pro: Google and the domainers could point out that consumers who access these domain names are either going to see a 404 or a page of putatively relevant paid links, and the latter is more useful to them. In fact, according to this study, ads on parked automotive-related domains convert at 2X ads on search engines. So, perhaps these ad pages are more helpful to consumers than 404 pages.
There is a lot of interesting detail in the complaint, but I’ll just point to one more tidbit. The complaint notes that Google has repeatedly gone after typosquatters on the Google mark. It says "Defendant Google...has engaged in precisely the same illegal conduct ... that Google itself complained of....In fact, Defendant Google has taken the illegal conduct to a new and more egregious level" because (among other things) it profits from hundreds of thousands of illegitimate domain names and uses a "sham" and "illusory" trademark complaint procedure.
It’s hard to tell if a complaint like this will have legs. The plaintiffs’ attorneys did extensive research and provide a lot of detail, so the complaint lacks some of the deficient elements we often see in lawsuits against search engines. At the same time, the lawsuit could be gutted if the judge rules that none of the parties engaged in a trademark use in commerce—an open legal question that has not been resolved in the domainer context. Further, the lawsuit could effectively fall apart if the judge rejects formation of a class. Trademark class action lawsuits are rare for good reason-- trademark owners must establish the validity of their marks, the famousness of their marks (for dilution) and the similarity between their marks and the defendants' usage. These are all intensely fact-specific questions; none of which seem susceptible to class adjudication.
Posted by Eric at 05:20 PM | Domain Names , Search Engines , Trademark | TrackBack
June 26, 2007
New Cyberlaw Fad--Real Estate Developers v. Griping Homebuyers
By Eric Goldman
We appear to be seeing a mini-trend of homebuilders suing griping homebuyers. Overlawyered's Walter Olson succinctly aggregated some cases, including:
* RSA Enterprises v. Bad Business Bureau and Google, a lawsuit doomed to failure (at least in Google's case) due to 47 USC 230.
* WBG Builders v. ConsumerAffairs.com and Garlic. Depending on the facts, ConsumerAffairs.com may be protected by 47 USC 230, but the news report indicates that WBG is suing the posters as well.
* While not exactly a developer v. buyer lawsuit, a home contractor (Sieber/SCS Contracting) sued a number of defendants for defamation based on postings to Angie's List. According to the DC Superior Court website, Sieber v. Mattera (Case # 2007 CA 002063 B) and Sieber v. Hammock (Case # 2007 CA 001726 B) each settled a month after filing, although Hammock's lawsuit against Sieber for contract breach is still pending (see Case # 2006 CA 006940 B). Sieber also sued Angie's List and some other defendants for malicious interference. Sieber v. Brownstone Publishing, Case # 2007 CA 002549. I think this claim is clearly barred by 47 USC 230 if it's based on user postings. The lawsuit was dismissed May 31 but revived; then all of the individual defendants (but not the named defendant) were dismissed June 11.
What's going on here? First, homebuilders are wasting their time suing sites that republish buyer complaints; those lawsuits should be preempted by 47 USC 230. Second, developers appear to be a little touchy. People always complain about their homes; as readers, we know that and can evaluate others' complaints accordingly. So a developer's lawsuit may appear to offer moral vindication, but chances are it's a bad economic decision (assuming the developer has legitimate reason to complain in the first place).
The latest developer v. buyer case is Taylor Building Corp. v. Benfield, 2007 WL 1748694 (S.D. Ohio June 15, 2007). This lawsuit relates to a gripe site set up at the domain name "www.taylorhomes-ripoff.com" in 2003 that was taken offline in 2004. The developer sued for defamation, tortious interference and trade dress infringement. The court carefully rejects most of the defamation claim (for being substantially truthful) and the tortious interference claim for lacking the requisite scienter. The court also rejects the trade dress claim on several grounds, including the website’s nature as a gripe site:
Benfield clearly hoped to drive customers away from Taylor by posting his complaints about the home builder. Thus, it is arguable that he intended to cause Taylor economic harm. However, in keeping with the logic of Taubman and Lamparello, the Court concludes that, even if Benfield's use of the website was commercial, his website was a forum for criticizing the builder. Accordingly, there is no likelihood of confusion and, thus, no Lanham Act violation.
The court also rejects the initial interest confusion claim because the site didn't sell or promote any products, and no one would be confused by a domain name containing the word "ripoff."
Despite the significant good news for the defendant, two potentially defamatory statements survived the SJ motion. A reminder to gripers: you own your words, so pick them carefully.
Tying these cases together, it appears that developers are the latest industry to realize the power and danger that online word of mouth poses to their businesses. Coping with this revelation requires some care. Historically, publicity-enhancing lawsuits may not have been the best way to respond to negative reputational information, but in the networked era, they are almost guaranteed to be a poor choice. So developers will need to adapt their practices--and perhaps their expectations--to accommodate the modern information ecosystem.
Posted by Eric at 08:37 AM | Content Regulation , Derivative Liability , Domain Names , Trademark | TrackBack
June 12, 2007
Domain Names Can't Be Trespassed--Utube.com v. YouTube
By Eric Goldman
Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment Corp. v. YouTube, Inc., 2007 WL 1655507 (N.D. Ohio June 4, 2007)
Boy, this case got a lot of attention when it was first filed (which isn't surprising; YouTube lawsuits usually do). You may remember the story: the plaintiff is a dealer of used tube mills, used pipe mills and used pollforming machines. The plaintiff operated a website at utube.com. As you might expect, like most other industrial B2B vendors' websites, utube.com had a small but targeted audience.
With the phenomenal and quick rise in popularity of YouTube, a lot of web users mistyped youtube.com and entered utube.com instead, causing utube.com to suddenly experience disproportionate popularity. Unfortunately for the plaintiff, few of these visitors were interested in pollforming machines--as the opinion starts out, "This is a case about two very different types of “tubes.”" As a result, the plaintiff was paying big bandwidth charges for customers who weren't buying. In some cases, the plaintiff claimed that the traffic overwhelmed the servers, causing utube.com to be offline and preventing the plaintiff's real customers from conducting business with the plaintiff.
The plaintiff sued YouTube for trademark infringement, trespass to chattels and related claims. Last week, the court addressed YouTube's motion to dismiss. The net result is that the court allowed some of the plaintiff's trademark and related claims to survive, but the court dismissed several other claims (with leave to amend).
Trespass to Chattels
Most interesting to me is the court's dismissal of the plaintiff's claims that YouTube "trespassed" utube.com. The court correctly says that trespass to chattels (TTC) claims require physical contact, so it is not possible to trespass intangible property like a domain name. While this is the right result, I can't help but note the Ninth Circuit's holding that domain names can be converted like personal property (in the Sex.com case), and the recent Thyroff case, which also said that digital files could be converted. But here we're talking about a smaller possessory interest than conversion, and the court rightly understands that TTC could become a bypass to trademark infringement. As a result, this decision channels unhappy domain name owners towards trademark claims instead of some TTC bypass.
Even if the domain name itself can't be trespassed, the plaintiff can still claim that the computer servers attached to the domain name were trespassed. The court dismisses the claim for two independent reasons:
1) The plaintiff uses a third party web host, and the court says that the plaintiff didn't allege an adequate possessory interest in its host's equipment.
This may just be a pleading issue that gets corrected in an amended complaint, but it raises an interesting question about TTC standing that I don't recall seeing discussed before. Assuming that TTC is occurring to a site hosted by a third party vendor, does the TTC claim rest with the website operator, the vendor, or no one? I had always assumed that the website operator and the vendor EACH had standing for TTC because each has shared possessory interest in the computers, but I can see outer limits to this. For example, a person using a free web host vendor who is one of a zillion customers shouldn't have standing if there's a TTC to the vendor's computers. OTOH, if a customer is paying a vendor to operate a dedicated computer, and the customer will bear all economic charges associated with that computer's usage, I think the customer has standing. In that circumstance, perhaps the vendor does as well.
In my case, I pay a nominal amount to my web host for shared computer usage, but I pay bandwidth charges associated with my domain name. I think that if a third party were trespassing my website, and I bore the economic consequences from bandwidth usage, I should be able to claim TTC even though I only "lease" the computer space and I share that computer with other sites. Perhaps this warrants more thought.
2) Independently, the court correctly says that YouTube's customers, not YouTube itself, are "contacting" utube.com, and therefore YouTube isn't committing the actus reus. This result also appeared to be designed to channel this complaint into trademark law.
Nuisance
Some pundits have theorized about the existence of a nuisance claim that would parallel (or supplant) online TTC claims. These nuisance claims are occasionally pleaded (for example, a nuisance claim was made initially in the Intel v. Hamidi case, though Intel voluntarily dropped it), but this argument has not gotten any traction in court. This court's terse rejection of the claim is typical:
Universal has provided virtually no legal support for its contention that a private nuisance can exist when no land is involved. Nor has Universal shown any support for the proposition that a domain name, a website, or a computer that hosts a website somehow constitutes real property. There being no such support or other basis for its nuisance claim, that claim will be dismissed.
Other Claims
The court also dismissed the plaintiff's attempt to cancel (in district court) YouTube's trademarks and claims for negligence and violation of state RICO laws. The court rejected YouTube's motion to dismiss for unfair competition, state dilution, and deceptive trade practices, so those claims are still active (plus any causes of action revived with an amended complaint).
Posted by Eric at 09:59 AM | Domain Names , Privacy/Security , Trademark | TrackBack
June 03, 2007
May 2007 Quick Links
By Eric Goldman
Spam
* MySpace Inc. v. The Globe.com Inc., No. CV 06-3391 RGK (C.D. Cal. Feb. 27, 2007). This case has some personal interest because theglobe.com was one of my flagship clients before I left the law firm in 2000. This ruling held theglobe.com liable under CAN-SPAM, California's anti-spam law and the user agreement for spamming within the MySpace network. See the BNA writeup. Among other remarkable angles of this ruling, the court upholds the liquidated damages clause based on the anti-spam restrictions in the contract. Based on this adverse judgment, in April the parties settled for over $2.5M —basically, all of theglobe.com’s remaining cash, leaving its survival in serious jeopardy.
Domain Names
* Domainers are hot. Business 2.0 article on Kevin Ham, a major domainer who has wildcarded Cameroon's .cm TLD. NYT article on NameMedia, which owns 725,000 domains.
* From the AP: Entrepreneurs loaded up on Virginia Tech- and victim-related domain names following the massacre.
Marketing
* Broadway producer Scott Rudin was annoyed that the New York Times' website published user-submitted reviews of his play. To tweak them for doing so, the play cherry-picked some comments from the users' submissions and ran them in ads for the play with the attribution "The New York Times Online." An NYT editor objected to that attribution because it connoted an editorial judgment of the paper, rather than the paper's readers. Read the fun back-and-forth between Rudin and the editor.
* From the Washington Post: Billboards are the second-fastest growing ad category (after the Internet) due to increased traffic congestion and new digital billboard technology. And a technologist has developed eye-tracking technology that may let billboard advertisers accurately count eyeballs.
* Optima Funding, Inc. v. Strang, 2007 WL 1430699 (Cal. Ct. App. May 16, 2007). A mortgage company said it never sent unsolicited faxes or authorized anyone to do so on its behalf, but it did use lead generation companies. Strang sued Optima repeatedly in small claims court for TCPA violations. Optima struck back with a 17200 claim, basically saying that Strang was falsifying evidence to connect Optima to the faxes. In this ruling, the California Appellate Court upholds Strang's anti-SLAPP motion to strike.
* NYT: Custom postage stamps haven't really caught on. (Note: I just tested on them in my IP course exam).
* NYT: "The High Price of Creating Free Ads." Advertisers may not save any money by relying on user-generated ads. See my previous blog post about the legal costs of UGC ads.
* Rebecca discusses false advertising developments in one of our least favorite 1201 cases, Static Control v. Lexmark.
* AP: Wisconsin bar owner gets a ticket for serving Coors Light beer using a Miller Lite-branded tap. He should have known better than to cross the only major brewery still in Brewtown by serving Colorado beer.
Search Engines
* Brodsky v. Yahoo (C.D. Cal. complaint filed May 11, 2007). A stockholder derivative lawsuit against Yahoo alleging that Yahoo inflated its stock price by hyping its ad businesses. I read through the lengthy complaint and found it mostly nonsensical. For example, consider this allegation of wrongdoing: "whereas Yahoo!’s rivals were paying high-traffic vendors to route traffic through their Web sites, Yahoo! was charging large vendors for access and was dependent on that revenue to make its revenue targets, making Yahoo!’s Web site a less desirable location for vendors to drive traffic to." Huh? Search Engine Land has more.
* Google has blacklisted all term paper websites from its AdWords program. Reminds me a little of Macellari v. Carroll
Intellectual Property
* Grisman v. YouTube, Inc., C-07-2518 (N.D. Cal. May 10, 2007). Second class action lawsuit against YouTube (and third major broadside, including the Viacom lawsuit). Appears to be highly derivative of the Football Association Premier League lawsuit (see the WSJ Law Blog for more on this).
* Clark v. Amazon.com, CIV S-05-2187 (E.D. Cal. May 10, 2007). Clark published a book, sold 187 copies and gave away 234. He sued Amazon (and other online booksellers) claiming that he alone had the exclusive right to distribute the book, so their resales were infringing. Amazon responded that the resales were covered by the First Sale doctrine. Clark responded by saying that Amazon sold more copies than he sold/gave away, but that's because Clark mistakenly believed that a seller's lifetime transactions rating were all based on sales of his book. Summary judgment for Amazon.
* Like other content producers, pornographers are feeling the sting of online competition--especially due to the low barriers to entry of amateur-produced content.
* From Washingon Post: Appraisers are going to war over recycling of data they generate during appraisals, which they claim violates promises made to them. When I was guest-blogging at Concurring Opinions, I blogged on the possible IP angles of this dispute.
* BusinessWeek: "Faking out the Fakers: Faced with a tidal wave of counterfeit goods, companies are turning to secretive sci-fi technology. But crooks catch on fast." It's like the analog version of DRM.
* The USPTO's collection of aural TMs.
Miscellaneous
* Bray v. QFA Royalties LLC, 2007 WL 1306517 (D. Colo. May 3, 2007). Posting a suicide note on a private franchisee-group's website isn't grounds for termination of franchises. See Wiggin and Dana's writeup.
* Nazaruk v. eBay, Inc., 2007 WL 1417287 (10th Cir. May 15, 2007). In a non-substantive opinion, the 10th Circuit upheld the venue clause in eBay's user agreement. My post on the district court opinion.
* Washington Post article on individuals declaring "email bankruptcy," i.e., deleting everything in their in-box and starting afresh.
* To mitigate risk, the Concurring Opinions multi-contributor blog has been converted into an LLC.
* University of San Francisco has created a single page aggregating blogs from the entire USF community.
Posted by Eric at 12:59 PM | Content Regulation , Copyright , Derivative Liability , Domain Names , Internet History , Licensing/Contracts , Marketing , Search Engines , Spam , Trademark | TrackBack
May 09, 2007
Utah Trademark Protection Act Updates (from BNA)
By Eric Goldman
As I previously reported, Utah legislators met with industry representatives to discuss the Utah Trademark Protection Act on April 25. BNA [BNA subscription required] provides a fresh update on developments since the April 25 meeting. According to the BNA article:
the governor has directed the Division of Corporations and Commercial Code in the state Department of Commerce to hold off on implementing the law "for at least a couple of months" while changes to the legislation are considered....If an agreement is reached soon, changes could be enacted during a special session likely to occur this summer.
I like the way that Paul Rogers, a lobbyist for some of the technology companies, summarized his take-away from the April 25 meeting:
"I don't think they had thought it through, in terms of how it will affect the consumers' interests," he said. "We told them we're not going to comply--we're going to sue. They said, 'Don't sue--we get it, we've gone too far. Let us see if we can fix it or repeal it.' "
Personally, I recommend option #2.
Posted by Eric at 09:57 AM | Adware/Spyware , Domain Names , Search Engines , Trademark | TrackBack
Messing with Oscar -- Academy Sues Oscarwatch.com
By John Ottaviani
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences v. Stone, No. CV07-02846 RGK CA (C.D. Cal.)(complaint filed May 1, 2007)
Last week, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ("AMPAS"), the organization that organizes the Academy Awards, demonstrated that it still has no sense of public relations or perspective when it filed a trademark infringement law suit against Sasha Stone, the owner of the web site OscarWatch.com.
According to the Complaint (the first four pages can be found here [see update below]), the web site was initially operated as a "fan site," but later converted to a "commercial site." Apparently, what has the AMPAS concerned is the "recent transition of OscarWatch from a blog content only site to a commercial venture featuring paid advertising." All this, despite a prominent and explicit disclaimer above the masthead on the OscarWatch.com web site that it is not affiliated with AMPAS. The Complaint alleges claims for violation of the Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, trademark dilution, trademark infringement, and false designation of origin under Section 43(a) of the Lanham Act.
If anyone has a copy of or a link to the rest of the Complaint [see update below], we would appreciate seeing it to see if there is anything else going on here. Otherwise, this sounds like the sports leagues all over again, forgetting that there are a whole host of uses of trademarks that are not infringing or dilutive. Whether these uses are called "fair use" or "not a trademark use" or something else, the fact remains that there is little, if any likelihood of confusion or dilution in this case. Moreover, it would seem that OscarWatch.com is generating advertising revenue, not from any perceived tie-in with the "Oscars" name, but from its compelling content about films and the industry that attracts loyal readers.
UPDATE: An electronic copy of the complaint.
Posted by John Ottaviani at 08:51 AM | Domain Names , Trademark | TrackBack
April 18, 2007
Judge Kozinski Talks About Cyberlaw
By Eric Goldman
Last October, Judge Alex Kozinski of the Ninth Circuit chatted with me in my Cyberspace Law course for 75 minutes. If you listen to the recording, you'll hear Judge Kozinski's humorous thoughts on receiving gifts when he speaks (he auctions them on eBay), selling on eBay (he's very proud of his feedback rating), blogging (he hates bloggers--told me that right to my face at breakfast after I told him I was a blogger) and being a judicial male "superhottie," as well as a less spirited discussion about the law of virtual worlds and the Sex.com case (it's hard to pin down sitting judges on substantive legal doctrines). Hope you enjoy the interview.
Posted by Eric at 04:05 PM | Domain Names , Publicity/Privacy Rights , Virtual Worlds | TrackBack
April 09, 2007
March 2007 Quick Links Part 2
By Eric Goldman
Yesterday I posted the Google edition of my list of interesting items from March. Today I post the remainder of items that caught my eye last month.
Trademarks/Brands
* Bosley Medical Institute v. Kremer, 2007 WL 935708 (S.D. Cal. Mar. 22, 2007). On remand from the Ninth Circuit, the district court denies Kremer's motions to dismiss/for SJ. Michael Atkins recaps the ruling and case's history.
* Milbank Tweed Hadley & McCloy LLP v. Milbank Holding Corp. d/b/a Milbank Real Estate Services, No. CV 06-187-RGK (JTLx), (C.D. Cal. Feb. 23, 2007). After passage of the Trademark Dilution Revision Act, the court rejects the existence of "niche fame" as support for a dilution action. I’m a little surprised that this plaintiff would bring this losing argument.
* ICANN votes down a .XXX TLD. Again.
* NYT on the increasing challenges of creating a unique global brand in very crowded namespaces.
* Trademarked Sentences: A tool that helps you generate poetry by mixing trademarked slogans.
Blogs/UGC
* BidZirk v. Smith, No. 06-1487 (4th Cir. March 6, 2007). The Fourth Circuit, in a non-substantive opinion, denied a company's request for an injunction against a griping blogger's use of its trademarks. My initial write-up of the case. With this loss, the plaintiff's ill-advised decision to appeal the case is now even more clearly a complete waste of the plaintiff's money and our judicial resources.
* Chapman v. Merchandise Mart Properties, 2007 WL 922258 (D. Vt. Mar. 23, 2007). Woman tries to get TRO against physical-space trade show based on trademark interests in the term "GreenStyle," which is her blog’s title. The court rejects the request, but interestingly doesn't seem fazed by the argument that she may have a trademark interest generated from her blog name. Blog names can be trademarkable with sufficient use in commerce, a factor the court ignored completely.
* Sifry: "70 million weblogs. About 120,000 new weblogs each day, or...1.4 new blogs every second."
* A nice retrospective on the history of blogging.
* Wikipedia is requiring some credentialing after getting burned by a pseudonymous contributor who falsely claimed he was a professor.
* Ed Felten has some terrific observations about building distributed reputation systems like Digg (and, for that matter, Epinions). Ed is 100% correct that reputation systems need substantial stabilization; they don't just work deus ex machina.
Contracts
* Dorr v. Yahoo, No 3:07-cv-01428-MJJ (N.D. Cal. complaint filed March 7, 2007). Yahoo offered a premium subscription service allowing users to send email without Yahoo's ads attached. Then, allegedly, they changed the service's terms, and some of the paying customers were unilaterally bumped to a tier where Yahoo's ads were again attached to their email. Steve Bryant has more. In general, if people pay to eliminate ads, during that period of time, Yahoo should not be able to unilaterally amend the terms so that the user is paying but still getting ads.
* Ken Adams blogs on Affinity Internet, Inc. v. Consolidated Credit Counseling Services, Inc., 920 So. 2d 1286 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2006), where the court held that a contract clause saying "This contract is subject to all of SkyNetWEB's terms, conditions, user and acceptable use policies located at http://www.skynetweb.com/company/legal/legal.php" was insufficient to incorporate an arbitration clause contained in the referenced document. Ken's suggested fix: "The SkyNetWEB user agreement located at http://www.skynetweb.com/company/legal/legal.php constitutes part of this agreement."
Government Agencies
* The National Do Not Call Registry: Annual Report to Congress for FY 2006 Pursuant to the Do Not Call Implementation Act On Implementation of the National Do Not Call Registry (April 2007): "The Commission believes that the fundamental goal of the National Do Not Call Registry — to provide consumers with a simple, free, and effective means to limit unwanted telemarketing calls — has been realized." My curmudgeonly take on why the do-not-call registry isn’t great policy.
* Implementing the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act: A Federal Tr